Which one of the following statements about the Industrial Revolution

Which one of the following statements about the Industrial Revolution is correct ?

Thomas Savery invented astrolabe

Thomas Newcomen invented chemical dyes

James Watt's invention converted the steam engine from being a mere pump into one which would provide energy to power machines in factories

Mathew Boulton discovered the technique of refining gold of impurities

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UPSC NDA-2 – 2024

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The correct answer is C) James Watt’s invention converted the steam engine from being a mere pump into one which would provide energy to power machines in factories.

James Watt’s key improvements to the steam engine, particularly the invention of the separate condenser, significantly increased its efficiency and versatility. This made the steam engine capable of producing rotary motion and thus suitable for powering a wide range of machinery in factories, which was a crucial development during the Industrial Revolution.

A) Thomas Savery invented an early steam pump, not an astrolabe, which is an ancient astronomical instrument.
B) Thomas Newcomen also invented an early atmospheric steam engine, primarily used for pumping water out of mines. Chemical dyes were developed much later, notably by figures like William Perkin in the mid-19th century.
D) Mathew Boulton was James Watt’s business partner and a key figure in manufacturing and the application of steam power, but he is not credited with discovering gold refining techniques, which predate him by centuries.
Statement C accurately describes the transformative impact of James Watt’s work on the steam engine’s role in industrial production.

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