Liquid vegetable oils are converted to solid margarine by the use of
hydrogen gas
chlorine gas
carbon dioxide gas
oxygen gas
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This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2022
Liquid vegetable oils are typically unsaturated fats, meaning they contain carbon-carbon double bonds. To convert these liquid oils into solid or semi-solid fats like margarine, hydrogen gas is added across the double bonds in the presence of a catalyst (usually nickel, palladium, or platinum). This process is called hydrogenation.