With reference to biodiversity, which of the following statements is/a

With reference to biodiversity, which of the following statements is/are correct ?

1. Species richness and high degree of endemism are important criteria for identifying biodiversity hot spots.
2. Species diversity is highest in the tropics and decreases down the poles.
3. Biodiversity conservation may be in situ as well as ex situ.

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1 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

1 and 3 only

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-2 – 2016

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All three statements are correct regarding biodiversity.

Biodiversity hotspots are defined by high species richness and a high proportion of endemic species that are under threat. Species diversity generally follows a latitudinal gradient, being highest near the equator and decreasing towards the poles. Conservation efforts can be implemented in situ (in the organism’s natural habitat) or ex situ (outside the natural habitat, like in zoos or gene banks).

Statement 1 accurately describes key criteria for identifying biodiversity hotspots. Statement 2 describes a well-established ecological pattern. Statement 3 covers the two main approaches to biodiversity conservation.

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