Consider the following statements about the travellers who visited Ind

Consider the following statements about the travellers who visited India:
1. Abdur Razzaq Samarqandi from Herat visited Delhi and Daulatabad.
2. Ibn Battuta provides detailed accounts of both Delhi and Daulatabad.
3. According to Francois Bernier there was no private property in land in Mughal India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1, 2 and 3
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2015
The correct option is D) 2 and 3 only.
1. Statement 1 is incorrect: Abdur Razzaq Samarqandi, a Persian traveler and ambassador, visited the Vijayanagara Empire (during the reign of Devaraya II in the 15th century). His detailed account focuses on the city of Vijayanagara. He did not primarily visit Delhi and Daulatabad for his renowned observations in India.
2. Statement 2 is correct: Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan traveler of the 14th century, spent several years in India during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq of the Delhi Sultanate. His travelogue, the Rihla, provides extensive and detailed accounts of life in Delhi and also describes Daulatabad, where Tughluq briefly shifted his capital.
3. Statement 3 is correct: Francois Bernier, a French physician and traveler who visited India in the 17th century during the Mughal Empire, wrote extensively about his observations. In his “Travels in the Mogul Empire,” he famously argued that there was no private ownership of land in Mughal India and that the land ultimately belonged to the Emperor. While historians debate the accuracy and nuances of this claim, Bernier *did* state this in his account.
These travellers’ accounts are valuable primary sources for understanding the history, society, and economy of the regions they visited in India. However, it’s important to evaluate their perspectives and potential biases, as they were often writing from an outsider’s viewpoint.