Which of the following statements about Vijayanagara king Krishnadevar

Which of the following statements about Vijayanagara king Krishnadevaraya’s expeditions are correct ?

  • 1. In the early years of his reign he marched against the ruler of Orissa.
  • 2. In 1520 CE, he captured the fort of Raichur from Ismail Adil Khan.
  • 3. Krishnadevaraya restored Sultan Mahmud Shah to power and assumed the title of Yavanasthapanacharya.

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2 and 3 only
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This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
All three statements about Vijayanagara king Krishnadevaraya’s expeditions are correct.
– **Statement 1: In the early years of his reign he marched against the ruler of Orissa.** This is correct. Krishnadevaraya (reigned 1509-1529 CE) engaged in military campaigns against the Gajapati kingdom of Orissa (under Prataparudra Deva) in the early part of his rule (around 1513-1518 CE) to recover territories previously lost by the Vijayanagara Empire, such as Udayagiri and Kondavidu.
– **Statement 2: In 1520 CE, he captured the fort of Raichur from Ismail Adil Khan.** This is correct. The Battle of Raichur in 1520 CE was a major military engagement where Krishnadevaraya decisively defeated the forces of Ismail Adil Shah, the Sultan of Bijapur, and captured the strategic fort of Raichur Doab, located between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers.
– **Statement 3: Krishnadevaraya restored Sultan Mahmud Shah to power and assumed the title of Yavanasthapanacharya.** This is correct. Krishnadevaraya intervened in the affairs of the Bahmani Sultanate (which had fragmented into Deccan Sultanates). After defeating some factions, he helped restore the rightful Bahmani Sultan, Mahmud Shah II, who had been imprisoned, to the throne. In recognition of this act of re-establishing the “Yavana” (Muslim) kingdom, he took the title ‘Yavanarajya sthapanacharya’ or ‘Establisher of the Yavana Kingdom’.
Krishnadevaraya is considered one of the greatest rulers of the Vijayanagara Empire. His reign was marked by successful military campaigns that extended the empire’s influence and secured its borders, as well as significant administrative reforms, patronage of arts and literature (he himself was a scholar and poet), and the flourishing of trade and economy. His victories against the rulers of Orissa and the Deccan Sultanates solidified Vijayanagara’s position as the dominant power in South India during his time.