Consider the following events : 1. Launch of Non-Cooperation Movemen

Consider the following events :

  • 1. Launch of Non-Cooperation Movement
  • 2. All-India Khilafat Conference in Delhi
  • 3. Passing of the Rowlatt Act
  • 4. Jallianwala Bagh incident

Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the given events (earliest to latest) ?

1, 2, 3, 4
3, 4, 2, 1
3, 2, 4, 1
2, 3, 4, 1
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
The correct chronological order of the given events is Passing of the Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh incident, All-India Khilafat Conference in Delhi, Launch of Non-Cooperation Movement.
– **3. Passing of the Rowlatt Act:** Officially known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, 1919, this act was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in March 1919. It authorised the British government to imprison anyone suspected of terrorism without trial. This led to widespread anger and protests across India.
– **4. Jallianwala Bagh incident:** This horrific event took place on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab. A large crowd had gathered peacefully to protest the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of nationalist leaders, when British troops, under the command of General Dyer, fired upon the unarmed crowd, resulting in hundreds of deaths.
– **2. All-India Khilafat Conference in Delhi:** Several Khilafat conferences were held. A major conference took place in Delhi in November 1919, where the leadership, including Gandhiji, discussed cooperation with the Non-Cooperation movement. Gandhiji became president of the All-India Khilafat Committee later.
– **1. Launch of Non-Cooperation Movement:** Gandhiji announced the formal launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement on August 1, 1920, following the death of Bal Gangadhar Tilak and in conjunction with the Khilafat issue. The movement gained momentum in the following months after the Calcutta Special Session (September 1920) and Nagpur Session (December 1920) of the Indian National Congress approved the program.
These events are closely interconnected. The Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre intensified nationalist sentiment and protest. The Khilafat issue, concerning the fate of the Ottoman Caliphate after World War I, provided a platform for Hindu-Muslim unity, which Gandhiji leveraged by integrating the Khilafat movement with the Non-Cooperation movement. The Non-Cooperation movement was one of the first major nationwide mass movements led by Gandhiji against British rule.