Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment was responsible for

Rutherford’s alpha-particle scattering experiment was responsible for the discovery of

Electron

Proton

Nucleus

Helium

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UPSC NDA-1 – 2017

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Rutherford’s alpha-particle scattering experiment, also known as the gold foil experiment, involved firing alpha particles (positively charged helium nuclei) at a thin gold foil. The observation that most particles passed through, some were deflected, and a few were scattered back at large angles led Rutherford to propose that atoms have a very small, dense, positively charged center, which he named the nucleus.

Rutherford’s alpha-scattering experiment established the existence of the atomic nucleus.

While the experiment provided evidence for a positive charge in the nucleus (later identified as protons), it was the discovery of the nucleus itself as the dense core of the atom that was the direct result of analyzing the scattering patterns. Electrons were discovered earlier by J.J. Thomson. Neutrons were discovered later by James Chadwick.

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