The seeds of flowering plants are made up of

Ovary and ovary wall

Embryo, food reserves and coat

Cotyledons

Zygotes

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-1 – 2015

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A seed is a fundamental part of the reproduction process in flowering plants. It develops from the ovule after fertilization. A typical seed is composed of three main parts: the embryo (developed from the zygote), stored food reserves (often in the form of endosperm or cotyledons), and a protective seed coat (developed from the integuments of the ovule).

A seed is the structure containing the embryonic plant, along with food, enclosed in a protective outer covering.

The embryo consists of the radicle (embryonic root), plumule (embryonic shoot), and one or two cotyledons (seed leaves). The stored food provides nourishment for the embryo during germination before it can photosynthesize.

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