In deep ponds and lakes, which one of the following vertical zones receives least light penetration?
Surface
Littoral zone
Limnetic zone
Profundal zone
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UPSC Geoscientist – 2023
In deep ponds and lakes, the water column is divided into different zones based on light penetration. The Profundal zone is the deep-water zone beneath the Limnetic zone, where light penetration is insufficient for photosynthesis. It is often dark and characterized by decomposition.