Consider the following statements about the Ancient Hindu metal images

Consider the following statements about the Ancient Hindu metal images in India :

  • 1. The Chola period is well known for the aesthetic and technical finesse of its metal sculpture.
  • 2. The iconography and style of Chola metal images were similar to those of their stone counterparts.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2024
Statement 1 is correct. The Chola period (c. 9th to 13th centuries CE) is widely celebrated as the golden age of bronze casting in South India. The Chola bronzes, particularly the Nataraja sculptures, are renowned globally for their aesthetic beauty, technical perfection using the lost-wax method (cire perdue), and dynamic forms.
Statement 2 is correct. Chola art encompassed both stone and metal sculptures. While each medium has its constraints and possibilities, the iconography (representation of deities, their attributes, postures) and the overall artistic style (facial features, drapery, ornamentation) were largely consistent across stone and metal images within the same period, reflecting the unified artistic tradition of the Chola empire. Differences were mainly in the dynamism possible in bronze casting compared to stone.
Chola bronze sculptures represent a peak in Indian metal art, known for their religious themes and artistic quality.
Iconography provides a framework for representing deities and narratives, guiding artists across different mediums.
The lost-wax technique allowed Chola sculptors to create intricate and complex forms in bronze. Major centres of Chola art included Thanjavur and Gangaikondacholapuram.