The rules for congregational worship (Sangat) involving collective rec

The rules for congregational worship (Sangat) involving collective recitation were organized by

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Guru Nanak

Guru Angad

Guru Arjan

Guru Govind Singh

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UPSC CDS-2 – 2021

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Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, established the institutions of ‘Sangat’ (congregational worship) and ‘Pangat’ (community dining or Langar). He organized the disciples into congregations for collective worship, including the recitation of hymns (Gurbani) and singing of Kirtan, which formed the basis of Sikh devotional practice.

Sangat became the basic unit of Sikh religious and social life, providing a space for collective spiritual practice, learning, and decision-making, emphasizing equality among all participants regardless of caste, creed, or social status.

While subsequent Gurus further developed and consolidated the practices and institutions of Sikhism, the foundational organization of congregational worship and the concept of Sangat itself originated with Guru Nanak as part of the early establishment of the Sikh community.

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