The notion of kinship projected by the Kushana rulers is best evidence

The notion of kinship projected by the Kushana rulers is best evidenced through which of the following?

Their identification with deities
Grants to religious institutions
Inscriptional panegyrics
Coins and sculpture
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2023
The correct answer is A, Their identification with deities.
Kushana rulers, such as Kanishka, projected a strong notion of kinship and authority by associating themselves with various deities from different pantheons (like Buddha, Iranian deities, and Hindu deities). The adoption of titles like ‘Devaputra’ (Son of God), which was inspired by Chinese titles, directly indicates their attempt to project divine lineage or connection to bolster their legitimacy and status. This deliberate identification with deities was a significant way they projected their notion of kinship and power.
While coins and sculpture (D) were media used to depict these associations and inscriptions (C) often contained panegyrics, the core notion being projected was their divine connection or identification with powerful deities (A). Grants to religious institutions (B) were also common practice but did not as directly project a specific notion of the ruler’s own kinship or divine status as much as the adoption of divine titles and imagery did.