The electromagnetic waves, which are used for satellite communication,

The electromagnetic waves, which are used for satellite communication, are

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infrared radiations

ultraviolet radiations

radio waves

visible lights

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2020

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Satellite communication relies on electromagnetic waves that can travel through the Earth’s atmosphere and the vacuum of space with minimal attenuation and interference. Radio waves, particularly in the microwave frequency range, are ideal for this purpose. These frequencies allow for high bandwidth transmission and can penetrate the ionosphere and lower atmosphere effectively.

Infrared radiation is used for shorter-range communication like remote controls or fiber optics but is not suitable for long-distance satellite communication due to atmospheric absorption. Ultraviolet radiation is largely absorbed by the atmosphere and is not used for this purpose. Visible light is also affected by atmospheric conditions (clouds, scattering) and is generally not used for long-distance space communication, although optical communication with satellites is an emerging technology. Radio waves/microwaves are the standard for current satellite communication systems.

Different frequency bands within the radio/microwave spectrum are allocated for various types of satellite communication, including C-band, Ku-band, Ka-band, etc., depending on the application (e.g., broadcasting, telecommunications, navigation).

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