Which politician in British India had opposed to a Pakistan that would

Which politician in British India had opposed to a Pakistan that would mean “Muslim Raj here and Hindu Raj elsewhere”?

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Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Sikandar Hayat Khan

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Rafi Ahmed Kidwai

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2019

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The correct answer is C.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a prominent nationalist Muslim leader within the Indian National Congress and a staunch opponent of the Partition of India based on the Two-Nation Theory. He consistently advocated for a united India where Muslims and Hindus could coexist harmoniously. The phrase “Muslim Raj here and Hindu Raj elsewhere” encapsulates the religious division logic behind the concept of Pakistan, which Azad vehemently opposed throughout his political career. His views were articulated forcefully in his writings and speeches, arguing against the idea that Muslims in India constituted a separate nation.

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Frontier Gandhi, was another prominent Muslim leader who opposed the Partition, particularly the inclusion of the North-West Frontier Province into Pakistan, advocating for an independent ‘Pakhtunistan’ or a united India. Sikandar Hayat Khan was the Premier of Punjab (1937-1942) and leader of the Unionist Party; while initially favoring a confederation, he eventually supported the idea of Pakistan. Rafi Ahmed Kidwai was also a nationalist Muslim leader in Congress, but Maulana Azad was the most prominent and vocal critic of the Partition on the grounds of religious nationalism at the all-India level.

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