Which one of the following canons of taxation was not advocated by Ada

Which one of the following canons of taxation was not advocated by Adam Smith?

[amp_mcq option1=”Canon of equality” option2=”Canon of certainty” option3=”Canon of convenience” option4=”Canon of fiscal adequacy” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2019

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Adam Smith, in his seminal work ‘The Wealth of Nations’ (1776), laid down four main canons (or principles) of taxation. These were: 1. Canon of Equality (Ability to Pay), 2. Canon of Certainty, 3. Canon of Convenience, and 4. Canon of Economy. The concept of ‘Fiscal Adequacy’, which refers to the tax system being able to generate sufficient revenue to meet government expenditure, is an important principle of public finance but was not explicitly listed as one of the canons of taxation *by Adam Smith* in the same manner as the other four.

– Adam Smith’s four canons of taxation are Equality, Certainty, Convenience, and Economy.
– Fiscal adequacy is a principle of taxation related to revenue generation, but not one of Smith’s original four canons.

– Canon of Equality: Taxes should be proportionate to the respective abilities of the contributors.
– Canon of Certainty: The tax amount, time, and manner of payment should be clear and certain to the taxpayer.
– Canon of Convenience: Taxes should be levied at a time or in a manner most convenient for the contributor.
– Canon of Economy: The cost of collecting the tax should be as low as possible compared to the revenue generated.

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