The correct answer is: D. 2012
The Kalka-Shimla Railway is a 96-kilometer (60 mi) narrow-gauge mountain railway in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It was built in the early 20th century and is one of the highest railways in the world, reaching an elevation of 2,076 meters (6,811 ft) above sea level. The railway was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2012.
The railway was built between 1898 and 1903 by the British Raj to connect the hill station of Shimla with the plains of India. The railway was designed by John Henry Spurling, who also designed the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. The railway is built on a gradient of 1 in 33, which is one of the steepest gradients of any railway in the world. The railway is also built on a series of loops and zigzags, which were necessary to overcome the steep terrain.
The railway is a popular tourist attraction and is used by both locals and tourists to travel between Shimla and Kalka. The railway is also used to transport goods and supplies to the hill station of Shimla.
The railway is a unique and iconic example of railway engineering. It is a testament to the engineering skills of the British Raj and the ingenuity of the Indian people. The railway is a valuable part of the cultural and historical heritage of India.
The other options are incorrect because:
- Option A is incorrect because the Kalka-Shimla Railway was not listed in the UNESCO Heritage List in 2008.
- Option B is incorrect because the Kalka-Shimla Railway was not listed in the UNESCO Heritage List in 2009.
- Option C is incorrect because the Kalka-Shimla Railway was not listed in the UNESCO Heritage List in 2010.