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Himachal Pradesh is divided into 5 agro-climatic zones:
- Zone I: This zone includes the Kangra, Chamba, and Una districts. It has a temperate climate with an average annual rainfall of 1,000-1,500 mm. The main crops grown in this zone are rice, wheat, maize, and barley.
- Zone II: This zone includes the Shimla, Solan, and Sirmaur districts. It has a sub-tropical climate with an average annual rainfall of 1,500-2,000 mm. The main crops grown in this zone are rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane.
- Zone III: This zone includes the Kullu, Mandi, and Hamirpur districts. It has a temperate climate with an average annual rainfall of 2,000-2,500 mm. The main crops grown in this zone are rice, wheat, maize, and fruits.
- Zone IV: This zone includes the Lahaul and Spiti districts. It has a cold desert climate with an average annual rainfall of less than 1,000 mm. The main crops grown in this zone are barley, peas, and potatoes.
- Zone V: This zone includes the Kinnaur district. It has a temperate climate with an average annual rainfall of 1,500-2,000 mm. The main crops grown in this zone are rice, wheat, maize, and fruits.
The agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh are determined by the following factors:
- Altitude: The altitude of a region affects the temperature and rainfall patterns.
- Rainfall: The amount of rainfall in a region affects the type of crops that can be grown.
- Soil type: The soil type in a region affects the type of crops that can be grown.
- Temperature: The temperature in a region affects the type of crops that can be grown.
- Sunshine: The amount of sunshine in a region affects the type of crops that can be grown.
- Wind: The wind speed and direction in a region can affect the type of crops that can be grown.
The agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh are important because they help farmers to choose the right crops to grow in their region. The zones also help farmers to plan their irrigation and fertilization needs.