The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
The zamindari system was a system of land tenure in India under which the zamindars, or landlords, held large tracts of land from the Mughal emperors in return for a fixed annual revenue. The zamindars were responsible for collecting taxes from the peasants who worked the land, and they often exploited them by charging high rents and taking a large share of the produce. This led to a great deal of poverty and social inequality among the peasantry.
In addition, the zamindari system led to the concentration of land in the hands of a few wealthy landlords. This was because the zamindars were able to buy up the land of peasants who could not afford to pay their rents. This further increased the poverty and social inequality of the peasantry.
The zamindari system was abolished in 1950 after India gained independence. However, its legacy continues to be felt in India today, as many of the country’s social and economic problems can be traced back to this system.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Exploitation of peasantry: The zamindars often exploited the peasants by charging high rents and taking a large share of the produce. This led to a great deal of poverty and social inequality among the peasantry.
- Land concentration in few hands: The zamindars were able to buy up the land of peasants who could not afford to pay their rents. This further increased the poverty and social inequality of the peasantry.
- Social inequalities: The zamindari system led to a great deal of social inequality, as the zamindars were a wealthy and powerful class, while the peasants were poor and exploited.