The correct answer is: a) Dengue.
Dengue is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by four closely related dengue viruses. These viruses are transmitted to people primarily by the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti mosquito. Symptoms of dengue fever typically begin 4 to 10 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. These symptoms can last for up to 10 days. The most common symptoms of dengue fever are fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a rash. In some cases, dengue can cause a more severe illness called dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF is a potentially life-threatening illness that can cause bleeding, shock, and death.
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. There are four medically important species that cause malaria in humans: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae. The disease is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, with a particularly high incidence in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria is a major cause of death in children under five years of age.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis can affect any part of the body but usually affects the lungs. TB is spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. TB can be treated with antibiotics, but it is important to complete the full course of treatment to prevent the development of drug resistance.
HIV/AIDS is a chronic, potentially life-threatening disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV attacks the body’s immune system, making people more vulnerable to other infections and diseases. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS, but there are effective treatments that can help people with HIV live long and healthy lives.
In Odisha, dengue is a major health challenge. The state has reported a high number of dengue cases in recent years. In 2019, there were over 100,000 cases of dengue in Odisha. Dengue is a serious disease that can be fatal. It is important to take precautions to prevent dengue, such as using mosquito nets, wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants, and using insect repellent.