The correct answer is A. Forced labor.
The Vetti Chakiri system was a form of forced labor that was practiced in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu until the early 20th century. Under this system, members of certain castes were forced to work for landowners without pay. The system was abolished in 1920, but its legacy continues to be felt in Tamil Nadu today.
The Vetti Chakiri system was based on the caste system, which is a system of social stratification that is found in many parts of India. Under the caste system, people are born into a particular caste and are expected to remain in that caste for life. The caste system is hierarchical, with some castes considered to be higher than others. The Vetti Chakiri system was used to exploit members of lower castes.
Under the Vetti Chakiri system, members of lower castes were forced to work for landowners without pay. They were often given the most difficult and dangerous jobs, and they were often beaten or abused by their employers. The system was a form of slavery, and it had a devastating impact on the lives of those who were forced to participate in it.
The Vetti Chakiri system was abolished in 1920, but its legacy continues to be felt in Tamil Nadu today. Many people from lower castes continue to face discrimination and exploitation, and the caste system remains a powerful force in Indian society.
Option B, tax collection, is incorrect because the Vetti Chakiri system was not a system of tax collection. It was a system of forced labor.
Option C, land tenure system, is incorrect because the Vetti Chakiri system was not a system of land tenure. It was a system of forced labor.
Option D, religious practice, is incorrect because the Vetti Chakiri system was not a religious practice. It was a system of forced labor.