The correct answer is C. Kuichling.
The rational formula for peak drainage discharge is a mathematical equation that is used to estimate the peak discharge of a storm runoff. It was developed by Otto Martin Eugen Kuichling in 1889. The formula is given by:
$$Q = 0.278 C I A$$
where:
- $Q$ is the peak discharge (in cubic meters per second)
- $C$ is the runoff coefficient (a dimensionless number between 0 and 1)
- $I$ is the intensity of the rainfall (in millimeters per hour)
- $A$ is the drainage area (in hectares)
The rational formula is a simple and easy-to-use method for estimating peak discharge. However, it is important to note that it is only an approximation and that the actual peak discharge may be higher or lower than the value calculated using the formula.
The runoff coefficient, $C$, is a dimensionless number that represents the fraction of the rainfall that will become runoff. It is a function of the soil type, land use, and slope of the land. The intensity of the rainfall, $I$, is the average rainfall rate over a specified period of time. The drainage area, $A$, is the area of land that contributes runoff to a particular point.
The rational formula is used in a variety of applications, including the design of storm sewers, culverts, and detention basins. It is also used in the estimation of flood flows.