The correct answer is: b) Health, education, and living standards.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher if it performs better in these areas.
The HDI was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990 and is used to measure a country’s level of “human development”. It is a broad measure of a country’s progress in improving the quality of life for its citizens.
The HDI is calculated using three indicators:
- Life expectancy at birth: This indicator measures the average number of years that a person is expected to live.
- Mean years of schooling: This indicator measures the average number of years of schooling that a person has completed.
- Expected years of schooling: This indicator measures the average number of years of schooling that a person is expected to complete.
The HDI is a valuable tool for measuring a country’s progress in improving the quality of life for its citizens. It is a broad measure that takes into account a variety of factors, including health, education, and income. The HDI can be used to compare countries and to track progress over time.
The HDI is not without its critics. Some argue that it is too simplistic and does not take into account all of the factors that contribute to human development. Others argue that it is biased in favor of developed countries. However, the HDI remains a widely used and respected measure of human development.
The other options are incorrect because they do not measure human development. Economic growth (GDP per capita) is a measure of a country’s economic output. Military power is a measure of a country’s military strength. Natural resource abundance is a measure of a country’s natural resources.