The correct answer is: a) Article 243.
Article 243 of the Indian Constitution deals with Panchayati Raj Institutions. It provides for the establishment of three-tier Panchayati Raj Institutions at the village, intermediate and district levels. The article also provides for the powers and functions of these institutions, as well as their composition and elections.
Article 243 was inserted in the Constitution by the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992. The amendment was made in order to promote decentralization and empower local self-government institutions.
The following are the main provisions of Article 243:
- The State shall constitute Panchayats at the village, intermediate and district levels.
- The Panchayats shall be elected by the people.
- The Panchayats shall have powers to make laws and to levy taxes.
- The Panchayats shall be responsible for the development of their areas.
- The State shall provide financial assistance to the Panchayats.
- The State shall ensure that the Panchayats function effectively.
Article 243 has been a major step in the decentralization of power in India. It has led to the establishment of a strong network of Panchayati Raj Institutions across the country. These institutions have played a significant role in the development of rural areas and in the empowerment of local communities.
The other options are incorrect because they do not deal with Panchayati Raj Institutions. Article 320 deals with the Election Commission of India, Article 370 deals with the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, and Article 280 deals with the Finance Commission.