The correct answer is A) Faults.
A fault is a break in the Earth’s crust along which there has been movement. Faults can be caused by the movement of tectonic plates, the cooling of magma, or the weight of overlying rock.
Faults can be classified into two types: normal faults and reverse faults. Normal faults are caused by tensional forces in the Earth’s crust, and they result in the hanging wall (the block of rock above the fault) moving down relative to the footwall (the block of rock below the fault). Reverse faults are caused by compressional forces in the Earth’s crust, and they result in the hanging wall moving up relative to the footwall.
Faults can be very important features in the landscape. They can create cliffs, valleys, and other landforms. They can also be important for the formation of oil and gas deposits.
In Telangana, there are many faults that have been active in the past. These faults have caused the formation of several waterfalls. For example, the Nagarjuna Sagar waterfall is located on a fault line. The fault has caused the river to cut a deep gorge, and the waterfall is formed where the river flows over the edge of the gorge.
The other options are incorrect.
B) Folds are bends in the Earth’s crust. They are caused by compressional forces in the Earth’s crust. Folds can be classified into two types: anticlines and synclines. Anticlines are folds that are convex upward, and synclines are folds that are concave upward.
C) Joints are cracks in the Earth’s crust. They are caused by the cooling of magma or the weight of overlying rock. Joints can be classified into two types: tensional joints and shear joints. Tensional joints are caused by tensional forces in the Earth’s crust, and they result in the formation of cracks that are perpendicular to the direction of the forces. Shear joints are caused by shearing forces in the Earth’s crust, and they result in the formation of cracks that are parallel to the direction of the forces.
D) Escarpments are long, steep slopes. They are formed by the erosion of resistant rocks. Escarpments can be caused by the weathering and erosion of the Earth’s surface by wind, water, and ice.