The correct answer is: All of the above.
Manipur is a state in northeastern India with a population of over 2.8 million people. The state has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.637, which is below the national average of 0.645. The HDI is a composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income.
There are a number of factors that contribute to Manipur’s low HDI. One factor is the state’s high poverty rate. According to the 2011 census, 28.1% of Manipur’s population lives below the poverty line. This is higher than the national poverty rate of 21.9%.
Another factor that contributes to Manipur’s low HDI is the state’s low literacy rate. According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate in Manipur is 76.9%. This is lower than the national literacy rate of 74.0%.
The state also has a high rate of gender inequality. According to the 2011 census, the female literacy rate in Manipur is 69.9%, which is lower than the male literacy rate of 84.0%.
In order to raise Manipur’s HDI, the government needs to focus on improving the lives of women and children, tribal communities, and the urban poor. The government can do this by investing in education, healthcare, and infrastructure. The government can also work to reduce poverty and gender inequality.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Women and children. Women and children are often the most vulnerable members of society. They are more likely to be poor, to lack access to education and healthcare, and to be victims of violence. Investing in women and children is essential for improving the overall well-being of society.
- Tribal communities. Tribal communities are often marginalized and excluded from mainstream society. They may face discrimination and lack access to basic services. Investing in tribal communities can help to reduce poverty and improve their quality of life.
- Urban poor. The urban poor are often the most neglected members of society. They may live in slums or informal settlements, lack access to basic services, and be vulnerable to exploitation. Investing in the urban poor can help to improve their quality of life and reduce poverty.