The correct answer is: d) All of the above
Remote sensing and GIS can be used for a variety of purposes, including hazard mapping and vulnerability assessment, early warning systems for cyclones, and post-disaster damage assessment.
Hazard mapping and vulnerability assessment are important steps in disaster risk reduction. Remote sensing can be used to map areas that are at risk of natural hazards, such as floods, landslides, and earthquakes. This information can then be used to assess the vulnerability of these areas to these hazards.
Early warning systems are essential for reducing the impact of natural disasters. Remote sensing can be used to monitor weather patterns and other indicators that could lead to a natural disaster. This information can then be used to issue early warnings to people in affected areas.
Post-disaster damage assessment is important for planning and implementing disaster recovery. Remote sensing can be used to assess the damage caused by a natural disaster. This information can then be used to identify the needs of affected communities and to plan for their recovery.
In addition to these specific applications, remote sensing and GIS can also be used for a variety of other purposes, such as land use planning, environmental monitoring, and resource management.