The correct answer is: All of the above.
Push factors are conditions in a person’s origin location that compel them to leave. They can be economic, political, social, or environmental.
Lack of opportunities in rural areas is a major push factor for out-migration from Haryana. The state has a large rural population, but there are few jobs available in agriculture or other rural industries. This has led to a high rate of unemployment and poverty in rural areas.
Droughts are another major push factor for out-migration from Haryana. The state is prone to droughts, which can devastate crops and livestock. This can lead to food shortages and economic hardship, forcing people to leave their homes in search of better opportunities.
Social reasons can also be push factors for out-migration. For example, people may leave their homes due to discrimination, violence, or lack of access to education or healthcare.
In conclusion, all of the above can be push factors for out-migration from Haryana.