The correct answer is: a) Gujarat Riots.
The Gujarat riots were a series of religious riots that took place in the Indian state of Gujarat in February 2002, following the burning of a train coach in Godhra that killed 59 Hindu pilgrims returning from Ayodhya. The riots left more than 1,000 people dead, most of them Muslims, and displaced over 100,000.
The riots were widely condemned by the international community, and the Indian government set up a number of commissions to investigate the violence. The most comprehensive of these was the Nanavati-Mehta Commission, which concluded that the riots were “a premeditated, well-orchestrated and pre-planned act of violence”.
The Gujarat riots have had a lasting impact on the state of Gujarat, and continue to be a source of tension between Hindus and Muslims.
The other options are incorrect because:
- Babri Masjid Demolition Fallout: The Babri Masjid was a mosque in Ayodhya, India, that was demolished by a Hindu mob on 6 December 1992. The demolition led to widespread communal violence in India, including in Gujarat. However, the Gujarat riots of 2002 were not a direct result of the Babri Masjid demolition.
- Anti-Reservation Protests: Anti-reservation protests are protests against the Indian government’s policy of affirmative action, which provides preferential treatment to certain groups of people, such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Anti-reservation protests have taken place in various parts of India, including Gujarat. However, the Gujarat riots of 2002 were not related to anti-reservation protests.
- Navnirman Movement Aftermath: The Navnirman Movement was a student movement that took place in Gujarat in 1974. The movement was against corruption and price rise, and led to the resignation of the Gujarat Chief Minister, Chimanbhai Patel. The Navnirman Movement had a significant impact on Gujarat, but it was not a direct cause of the Gujarat riots of 2002.