Cultural exchange between Tamil kingdoms and the Gupta Empire is evident in:

Art and architecture
Literature
Religious practices
All of the above

The correct answer is: d) All of the above

Cultural exchange between Tamil kingdoms and the Gupta Empire is evident in art and architecture, literature, and religious practices.

  • Art and architecture: The Gupta Empire was a golden age for Indian art and architecture, and its influence can be seen in the art and architecture of Tamil kingdoms. For example, the Kailasanatha Temple in Kanchipuram, which was built in the 7th century, is a fine example of Dravidian architecture that was influenced by Gupta art.
  • Literature: The Gupta Empire was also a golden age for Indian literature, and its influence can be seen in the literature of Tamil kingdoms. For example, the Tamil epic poem “Silappadikaram” was written in the 6th century, and it is believed to have been influenced by Gupta literature.
  • Religious practices: The Gupta Empire was a Hindu empire, and its influence can be seen in the religious practices of Tamil kingdoms. For example, the worship of Vishnu and Shiva, which are two of the most important Hindu deities, was widespread in Tamil kingdoms.

In conclusion, cultural exchange between Tamil kingdoms and the Gupta Empire is evident in art and architecture, literature, and religious practices.