The correct answer is D) All of the above.
Sand mining is the process of extracting sand from a river, lake, or ocean. It is a major source of construction material, but it can have a devastating impact on the environment.
Sand mining can damage river ecosystems by removing sediment that is essential for fish and other aquatic life. It can also lead to erosion and flooding.
Sand mining can also lower groundwater levels, which can have a serious impact on agriculture and other water-dependent industries.
In addition, sand mining can damage local infrastructure by causing sinkholes and other problems.
For all of these reasons, sand mining is regulated in many countries, including India. In Telangana, sand mining is regulated by the Telangana State Mineral Development Corporation (TSMDC). The TSMDC issues permits for sand mining and monitors the activity to ensure that it is carried out in a sustainable manner.
Here are some additional details about each of the options:
- Option A: River ecosystems. Sand mining can damage river ecosystems by removing sediment that is essential for fish and other aquatic life. Sediment is important for providing habitat for fish and other aquatic organisms, and it also helps to regulate water flow. When sand is removed from a river, it can disrupt the natural flow of the river and lead to erosion and flooding.
- Option B: Groundwater levels. Sand mining can lower groundwater levels by removing the sand that helps to filter and store water. Sand is an important part of the groundwater system, and it helps to keep water clean and available for drinking, irrigation, and other uses. When sand is removed from an area, it can lead to a decrease in groundwater levels, which can have a serious impact on people and the environment.
- Option C: Local infrastructure. Sand mining can damage local infrastructure by causing sinkholes and other problems. When sand is removed from an area, it can create voids in the ground that can lead to sinkholes. Sinkholes can damage roads, bridges, and other infrastructure, and they can also pose a danger to people and property.