The correct answer is (b), 1972.
The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) is an act of the Parliament of India which grants special powers to the Indian Armed Forces to maintain public order in “disturbed areas”. The act was first enacted in 1958 and has been amended several times since then.
The AFSPA gives the armed forces the power to shoot to kill anyone who is suspected of being a “terrorist” or “insurgent”. The act also allows the armed forces to search any premises without a warrant and to detain anyone for up to 24 hours without charge.
The AFSPA has been controversial since its inception. Critics argue that the act gives the armed forces too much power and that it has been used to violate human rights in the areas where it is in force. Supporters of the act argue that it is necessary to maintain law and order in “disturbed areas” and that the armed forces are the only ones who can do this effectively.
The AFSPA was first applied in Manipur in 1972. The state has been under the act for most of the time since then. The act has been renewed several times, most recently in 2015.
The AFSPA has been a major source of tension between the people of Manipur and the Indian government. The people of Manipur argue that the act is a violation of their human rights and that it has led to the deaths of many innocent people. The Indian government argues that the act is necessary to maintain law and order in Manipur and that it has helped to reduce violence in the state.
The AFSPA is a complex issue with no easy answers. It is a law that has been used to both protect and violate human rights. It is a law that has been both praised and condemned. It is a law that is likely to continue to be debated for many years to come.