The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
The Inner Line Permit (ILP) system was established by the British in 1873 in the northeastern states of India. The system restricts the entry of non-tribal people into these areas. The ILP system was aimed at protecting tribal lands and cultures, and at restricting the movement and control of populations. The system was also used to suppress anti-colonial activities.
The ILP system has been controversial since its inception. Critics argue that the system is discriminatory and that it violates the rights of tribal people. Supporters argue that the system is necessary to protect tribal lands and cultures, and that it is an effective tool for maintaining law and order in the northeastern states.
In recent years, there have been calls for the repeal of the ILP system. However, the government has so far resisted these calls. The government argues that the ILP system is necessary to protect the interests of tribal people.
The ILP system is a complex and controversial issue. It is important to understand the history and purpose of the system, as well as the arguments for and against it.