The correct answer is c) Agroforestry.
Agroforestry is a land-use system that integrates trees and shrubs with crops or livestock. It is a sustainable agricultural practice that can help to improve soil fertility, reduce erosion, and provide a source of food and income for farmers.
Shifting cultivation is a type of agriculture in which farmers clear a small area of forest, cultivate it for a few years, and then move on to a new area. This practice can lead to deforestation and soil degradation.
Modern agriculture is a type of agriculture that uses intensive methods, such as the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, to produce large quantities of food. This type of agriculture can have a negative impact on the environment.
Monoculture plantations are large areas of land that are planted with a single crop. This type of agriculture can lead to soil erosion, water pollution, and the loss of biodiversity.
In Kerala, many tribal communities practice agroforestry. They plant trees and shrubs along with crops, which helps to improve soil fertility, reduce erosion, and provide a source of food and income.