The correct answer is: a) Decentralized governance.
The Panchayati Raj system is a system of local self-government in India. It was introduced in 1992 with the passage of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments. The system aims to promote decentralized governance by devolving power to local bodies.
The Panchayati Raj system is based on the principle of subsidiarity, which holds that decisions should be made at the lowest possible level of government. This principle is based on the idea that local people are best placed to understand their own needs and to make decisions that will benefit them.
The Panchayati Raj system is made up of three tiers: village panchayats, block panchayats, and district panchayats. Village panchayats are the lowest tier and are responsible for local issues such as sanitation, water supply, and primary education. Block panchayats are responsible for issues that affect a group of villages, such as roads, bridges, and health care. District panchayats are responsible for issues that affect an entire district, such as agriculture, industry, and education.
The Panchayati Raj system has been successful in promoting decentralized governance in India. It has helped to improve the lives of millions of people by giving them a say in how their communities are run. The system has also helped to reduce corruption and improve efficiency in the delivery of government services.
The Panchayati Raj system is not without its problems, however. One of the biggest challenges is that it is often difficult to get people to participate in local government. Another challenge is that the system is often underfunded. Despite these challenges, the Panchayati Raj system is an important part of the Indian democracy and has the potential to make a real difference in the lives of ordinary people.
The other options are incorrect because they are not the primary aims of the Panchayati Raj system. Industrial development, urban planning, and social welfare programs are all important, but they are not the primary focus of the Panchayati Raj system. The primary focus of the Panchayati Raj system is to promote decentralized governance.