The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Andhra Pradesh has adopted a decentralized governance model with Gram Panchayats, Mandal Praja Parishads, and Zilla Praja Parishads. These are local self-government institutions that are responsible for planning, implementing, and monitoring development programs at the local level.
Gram Panchayats are the lowest level of local self-government in Andhra Pradesh. They are responsible for providing basic services such as water, sanitation, education, and health care. They also play a role in promoting economic development and social welfare.
Mandal Praja Parishads are the intermediate level of local self-government in Andhra Pradesh. They are responsible for planning and implementing development programs at the mandal level. They also play a role in coordinating the activities of the Gram Panchayats.
Zilla Praja Parishads are the highest level of local self-government in Andhra Pradesh. They are responsible for planning and implementing development programs at the district level. They also play a role in coordinating the activities of the Mandal Praja Parishads.
The decentralized governance model in Andhra Pradesh has been successful in promoting development and improving the lives of the people. It has also helped to reduce corruption and improve transparency in government.