The correct answer is: b) Article 19.
Article 19 of the Indian Constitution guarantees six freedoms to all citizens of India:
- Freedom of speech and expression
- Freedom to assemble peacefully and without arms
- Freedom to form associations or unions
- Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India
- Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India
- Freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business
These freedoms are subject to certain reasonable restrictions, which can be imposed by law in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.
Article 19 is one of the most important Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution. It protects the right of all citizens to express their opinions freely, without fear of censorship or reprisal. This right is essential for a healthy democracy, as it allows for the free flow of ideas and information. It is also important for the protection of individual rights, as it allows people to speak out against injustice and to hold the government to account.
The Supreme Court of India has interpreted Article 19 very broadly, and has held that it protects a wide range of activities, including speech, writing, art, music, dance, and even silence. The Court has also held that the restrictions on Article 19 must be narrowly tailored and must not be used to stifle dissent or to suppress unpopular opinions.
Article 19 is a vital safeguard for the freedom of speech and expression in India. It is a right that has been used to great effect by activists, journalists, and ordinary citizens to challenge the government and to hold it to account. It is a right that must be protected and defended, as it is essential for a healthy democracy.
The other options are incorrect because they do not guarantee freedom of speech and expression. Article 15 guarantees equality before the law and prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any of them. Article 21 guarantees the right to life and personal liberty. Article 25 guarantees freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practice and propagate religion.