The correct answer is: Human Development Index.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country’s HDI value is a summary measure of its achievements in key areas of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living.
The HDI was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) as a way to measure a country’s progress in improving the quality of life for its citizens. The HDI is based on the following three indicators:
- Life expectancy at birth: This indicator measures the average number of years that a newborn is expected to live.
- Education: This indicator measures the mean years of schooling for adults and the expected years of schooling for children.
- Per capita income: This indicator measures the gross national income (GNI) per capita, adjusted for purchasing power parity.
The HDI is a valuable tool for measuring human development, but it has some limitations. One limitation is that it does not take into account inequality within a country. Another limitation is that it does not measure non-economic aspects of human development, such as political freedom and environmental sustainability.
Despite its limitations, the HDI is a widely used and respected measure of human development. It is used by governments, international organizations, and civil society organizations to track progress in human development and to identify areas where further action is needed.
The other options are not as important as the HDI in measuring Tamil Nadu’s development progress. Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced in a state. Gini coefficient is a measure of income inequality. Literacy rate is the percentage of the population that can read and write. These indicators are important, but they do not provide a complete picture of a state’s development progress. The HDI is a more comprehensive measure that takes into account a wider range of factors.