The correct answer is: Prematurity.
Prematurity is the leading cause of infant mortality in Maharashtra, accounting for 27% of all deaths. Malnutrition is the second leading cause, accounting for 18% of deaths. Infectious diseases are the third leading cause, accounting for 15% of deaths. Birth defects are the fourth leading cause, accounting for 12% of deaths.
Prematurity is a condition in which a baby is born before 37 weeks of gestation. Premature babies are at risk for a number of health problems, including respiratory problems, heart problems, and brain damage. Malnutrition is a condition in which a person does not have enough nutrients to meet their body’s needs. Malnutrition can cause a number of health problems, including growth retardation, impaired cognitive development, and increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases are diseases that are caused by germs, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Infectious diseases can cause a number of health problems, including pneumonia, diarrhea, and meningitis. Birth defects are abnormalities that are present at birth. Birth defects can be caused by a number of factors, including genetic abnormalities, environmental factors, and maternal health problems.
There are a number of things that can be done to reduce infant mortality in Maharashtra. These include:
- Improving access to quality healthcare
- Promoting breastfeeding
- Providing nutrition education and support
- Reducing poverty
- Improving access to clean water and sanitation
- Increasing awareness of the risks of prematurity, malnutrition, and infectious diseases
- Providing support to families with premature babies
- Investing in research on the causes and prevention of infant mortality