The correct answer is: a) Aadhaar-linked ration cards.
The Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) is a food security program in India that provides subsidized food grains to poor households. The TPDS in Andhra Pradesh identifies beneficiaries using Aadhaar-linked ration cards. Aadhaar is a 12-digit unique identification number issued by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) to all Indian residents. Aadhaar-linked ration cards are linked to the beneficiary’s Aadhaar number and contain their name, address, and photograph. This helps to ensure that only eligible beneficiaries receive subsidized food grains.
The other options are incorrect because:
- Income certificates are not used to identify beneficiaries under the TPDS in Andhra Pradesh.
- Caste certificates are not used to identify beneficiaries under the TPDS in Andhra Pradesh.
- Land ownership records are not used to identify beneficiaries under the TPDS in Andhra Pradesh.