The correct answer is: a) 1st century BCE.
The Ay Dynasty was a royal family that ruled over the southern parts of Kerala from around the 1st century BCE to the 4th century CE. They were a powerful and influential dynasty, and their rule is considered to be a golden age for Kerala.
The Ay Dynasty was founded by Ayilanji, who was a descendant of the Chera kings. Ayilanji was a powerful and successful ruler, and he expanded the Ay kingdom to include much of southern Kerala. He also built many temples and other monuments, which helped to promote the development of the region.
The Ay Dynasty continued to rule over Kerala for several centuries, and they were a major force in the region. However, they eventually declined in power, and they were overthrown by the Chola dynasty in the 11th century CE.
The Ay Dynasty was a significant dynasty in the history of Kerala. They were a powerful and influential family, and their rule is considered to be a golden age for the region.
Option b) 5th century CE is incorrect because the Ay Dynasty was founded in the 1st century BCE.
Option c) 8th century CE is incorrect because the Ay Dynasty was already in decline by the 8th century CE.
Option d) 11th century CE is incorrect because the Ay Dynasty was overthrown by the Chola dynasty in the 11th century CE.