The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
The education component of the Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of education attainment in a country. It is calculated by taking the mean of the following three indicators:
- Mean years of schooling, which is the average number of years of schooling completed by people aged 25 and older.
- Expected years of schooling, which is the number of years of schooling that a child entering primary school can expect to complete.
- Adult literacy rate, which is the percentage of people aged 15 and older who can read and write.
The HDI is a tool for assessing human development and comparing the achievements of different countries. It is based on the premise that human development is about more than just economic growth, and that it should be measured in terms of people’s well-being. The HDI is calculated for 189 countries and territories, and is published annually by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
The HDI has been criticized for being too simplistic and for not taking into account important factors such as inequality and environmental sustainability. However, it remains a widely used tool for measuring human development.