Feudatory states often had their own:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above.

Feudatory states were political entities in which a central authority, such as a king or emperor, granted land to vassals in exchange for their loyalty and military service. The vassals, in turn, would often sub-grant land to their own vassals, creating a hierarchy of power.

Each feudal state had its own system of taxation, which was used to fund the government and the military. The legal code of a feudal state would typically reflect the customs and traditions of the region, as well as the religious beliefs of the people. The military forces of a feudal state would be used to defend the state from attack and to enforce the will of the ruler.

Here is a brief explanation of each option:

• Systems of taxation. Feudal states often had their own systems of taxation, which were used to fund the government and the military. The taxes that were collected would vary depending on the feudal state, but they would typically include taxes on land, goods, and services.
• Legal codes. The legal code of a feudal state would typically reflect the customs and traditions of the region, as well as the religious beliefs of the people. The legal code would set out the laws that were in force in the state, as well as the punishments that would be meted out for breaking those laws.
• Military forces. The military forces of a feudal state would be used to defend the state from attack and to enforce the will of the ruler. The size and strength of the military would vary depending on the feudal state, but it would typically include a standing army, as well as a militia that could be called up in times of need.