The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Zamindars were a class of hereditary landholders in India who were responsible for collecting taxes, maintaining law and order, and patronizing local arts. They were appointed by the Mughal Empire and were given a great deal of power and authority.
Zamindars were responsible for collecting taxes from the peasants who lived on their land. They were also responsible for maintaining law and order in their areas. This included keeping the peace, settling disputes, and punishing criminals. Zamindars also played a role in patronizing local arts. They often built temples, mosques, and other public buildings. They also supported local artists and musicians.
The zamindari system was abolished in India in 1950. However, the zamindars continue to play an important role in Indian society. They are often seen as the leaders of their communities and are consulted on important matters.