The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Tamil Nadu has achieved a significant decline in its population growth rate due to a number of factors, including successful family planning programs, improved healthcare, and increased female literacy.
Family planning programs have been successful in reducing the number of births per woman in Tamil Nadu. In 1971, the average woman in Tamil Nadu had 5.2 children. By 2011, this number had declined to 2.1 children. This decline is due in part to the availability of family planning services, such as contraception and sterilization, as well as to the increased awareness of the benefits of smaller families.
Improved healthcare has also contributed to the decline in population growth rate in Tamil Nadu. In the past, many women died in childbirth or from pregnancy-related complications. However, thanks to improved healthcare, maternal and infant mortality rates have declined significantly. This has made it more likely that women will survive to have children and that their children will survive to adulthood.
Increased female literacy has also played a role in the decline in population growth rate in Tamil Nadu. Women with more education are more likely to delay marriage and childbirth, and they are also more likely to use family planning methods. In addition, educated women are more likely to be employed outside the home, which gives them more opportunities and makes them less likely to have large families.
All of these factors have contributed to the decline in population growth rate in Tamil Nadu. As a result, the state’s population is now growing at a slower rate than the national average. This is a positive development, as it will help to reduce pressure on resources and improve the quality of life for all residents of Tamil Nadu.