The correct answer is: a) Shifting cultivation.
Shifting cultivation is a traditional agricultural practice in which farmers clear a piece of land by cutting and burning the vegetation, then cultivate crops on that land for a few years before moving on to another plot. This type of cultivation is often used in areas with low population density and abundant land, such as the hills of Meghalaya.
Intensive monoculture is a type of agriculture in which a single crop is grown on a large area of land using intensive methods, such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides. This type of agriculture is often used in areas with high population density and limited land, such as the plains of India.
Organic farming is a type of agriculture that uses natural methods to grow crops and raise livestock. Organic farming practices include the use of compost and manure as fertilizer, the use of cover crops to prevent erosion, and the avoidance of synthetic pesticides and herbicides.
Hydroponics is a type of agriculture in which plants are grown in a nutrient-rich solution without soil. Hydroponic systems can be used to grow crops in areas with limited land or water, such as in urban areas or desert regions.
In conclusion, jhum cultivation is a type of shifting cultivation, which is a traditional agricultural practice in which farmers clear a piece of land by cutting and burning the vegetation, then cultivate crops on that land for a few years before moving on to another plot. This type of cultivation is often used in areas with low population density and abundant land, such as the hills of Meghalaya.