The correct answer is: a) Deforestation and unsustainable agricultural practices.
Soil erosion is the process of soil being removed from the Earth’s surface by the action of wind, water, or ice. It is a major problem in many parts of the world, including Andhra Pradesh.
Deforestation and unsustainable agricultural practices are the main causes of soil erosion in Andhra Pradesh. Deforestation removes trees, which help to hold soil in place. Unsustainable agricultural practices, such as clearing land for farming without taking steps to protect the soil, can also lead to soil erosion.
Soil erosion can have a number of negative consequences, including:
- Loss of topsoil, which is the most fertile layer of soil.
- Reduced crop yields.
- Increased flooding and sedimentation.
- Damage to infrastructure, such as roads and bridges.
- Loss of biodiversity.
There are a number of things that can be done to prevent soil erosion, including:
- Planting trees and other vegetation.
- Using cover crops.
- Practicing conservation tillage.
- Building terraces.
- Reducing runoff.
- Restoring degraded land.
Soil erosion is a serious problem, but it is one that can be prevented. By taking steps to protect the soil, we can ensure that it is available for future generations.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Heavy rainfall can cause soil erosion by washing away the topsoil. However, it is not the primary cause of soil erosion in Andhra Pradesh.
- Waterlogging can cause soil erosion by making the soil unstable and more susceptible to being washed away. However, it is not the primary cause of soil erosion in Andhra Pradesh.
- Urbanization can cause soil erosion by removing vegetation and compacting the soil. However, it is not the primary cause of soil erosion in Andhra Pradesh.
- Deforestation and unsustainable agricultural practices are the main causes of soil erosion in Andhra Pradesh. Deforestation removes trees, which help to hold soil in place. Unsustainable agricultural practices, such as clearing land for farming without taking steps to protect the soil, can also lead to soil erosion.