The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
The Constitution of India provides a number of safeguards for Scheduled Tribes (STs), which are indigenous peoples who are considered to be socially and economically backward. These safeguards aim to protect the land rights of STs, prevent their exploitation, and preserve their cultural identity.
Some of the specific safeguards for STs include:
- Reservation in government jobs and educational institutions
- Special provisions for development, such as financial assistance and land grants
- Protection from exploitation, such as forced labor and bonded labor
- Recognition of their cultural identity and traditional rights
These safeguards have been effective in improving the lives of STs, but there is still much work to be done. STs continue to face discrimination and poverty, and their land rights are often violated. It is important to continue to fight for the rights of STs and to ensure that they have the opportunity to fully participate in Indian society.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Protect land rights: STs have a special relationship with land, which is often seen as sacred. The Constitution of India recognizes this relationship and provides safeguards to protect STs’ land rights. For example, STs cannot be evicted from their land without due process of law.
- Prevent exploitation: STs have been historically exploited by non-STs. The Constitution of India provides safeguards to prevent this exploitation. For example, STs are not allowed to be forced to work against their will.
- Preserve cultural identity: STs have a rich and unique culture. The Constitution of India recognizes this and provides safeguards to preserve STs’ cultural identity. For example, STs are allowed to practice their traditional customs and religions.