The correct answer is: B. Argillaceous rocks.
Argillaceous rocks are sedimentary rocks that are composed predominantly of clay minerals. Clay minerals are a group of hydrous aluminum silicates that are characterized by their small size and plate-like shape. They are the most abundant type of mineral in the Earth’s crust, and they play an important role in many natural processes, such as soil formation and weathering.
Argillaceous rocks are formed when clay minerals are deposited in water and then compacted and cemented together. They can be found in a variety of colors, including red, brown, green, and gray. Some common types of argillaceous rocks include shale, mudstone, and claystone.
Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that is composed predominantly of clay minerals. It is typically dark in color and has a layered or laminated appearance. Shale is a common rock type, and it is used in a variety of applications, such as construction, ceramics, and oil and gas exploration.
Mudstone is a sedimentary rock that is composed of a mixture of clay minerals, silt-sized particles, and sand-sized particles. It is typically brown or gray in color and has a dull, earthy appearance. Mudstone is a common rock type, and it is used in a variety of applications, such as construction, ceramics, and oil and gas exploration.
Claystone is a sedimentary rock that is composed predominantly of clay minerals. It is typically very fine-grained and has a smooth, waxy appearance. Claystone is a common rock type, and it is used in a variety of applications, such as construction, ceramics, and oil and gas exploration.
The other options are incorrect because they do not describe rocks that are composed predominantly of clay minerals. Siliceous rocks are composed predominantly of silica (silicon dioxide), calcareous rocks are composed predominantly of calcium carbonate, and sedimentary rocks are a broad category of rocks that are formed from the accumulation of sediment.