The correct answer is: b) Mineral pigments and gold.
Thangka paintings are a type of Tibetan Buddhist painting that are typically used as religious objects. They are often very detailed and colorful, and are made using a variety of materials, including mineral pigments, gold, and silver.
Mineral pigments are made from ground-up minerals, such as lapis lazuli, malachite, and cinnabar. They are very vibrant and durable, and have been used in painting for centuries. Gold and silver are also used in thangka paintings, and they add a touch of luxury and opulence.
The intricate details and vibrant colors in thangka paintings are achieved through the use of a variety of techniques, including layering, blending, and stippling. Layering is the process of applying multiple layers of paint, which allows for greater depth and detail. Blending is the process of mixing two or more colors together, which creates a smooth transition between them. Stippling is the process of applying small dots of paint, which creates a textured effect.
Thangka paintings are a beautiful and intricate art form that has been practiced for centuries. They are often used as religious objects, but they can also be enjoyed for their aesthetic beauty.