Effective governance is crucial for successful planned development as it ensures:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above

Effective governance is crucial for successful planned development as it ensures accountability, transparency, and efficient utilization of resources.

• Accountability means that those in power are held responsible for their actions. This can be achieved through a variety of mechanisms, such as public scrutiny, independent audits, and judicial oversight.
• Transparency means that information about government activities is made available to the public. This allows citizens to hold their leaders accountable and to participate in decision-making.
• Efficient utilization of resources means that government spending is used in a way that maximizes benefits and minimizes costs. This can be achieved through careful planning, sound management, and effective monitoring.

All of these elements are essential for successful planned development. Without accountability, there is a risk that government officials will misuse resources or engage in corruption. Without transparency, it is difficult for citizens to hold their leaders accountable or to participate in decision-making. And without efficient utilization of resources, it is difficult to achieve development goals.

Effective governance is a complex challenge, but it is essential for building a better future for all.